Includes bibliographical references and index.

Microgrid: Architectures and Control; Contents; Foreword; Preface; List of Contributors; 1 The Microgrids Concept; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 The Microgrid Concept as a Means to Integrate Distributed Generation; 1.3 Clarification of the Microgrid Concept; 1.3.1 What is a Microgrid?; 1.3.2 What is Not a Microgrid?; 1.3.3 Microgrids versus Virtual Power Plants; 1.4 Operation and Control of Microgrids; 1.4.1 Overview of Controllable Elements in a Microgrid; 1.4.2 Operation Strategies of Microgrids; 1.5 Market Models for Microgrids; 1.5.1 Introduction.

1.5.2 Internal Markets and Business Models for Microgrids1.5.3 External Market and Regulatory Settings for Microgrids; 1.6 Status Quo and Outlook of Microgrid Applications; References; 2 Microgrids Control Issues; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Control Functions; 2.3 The Role of Information and Communication Technology; 2.4 Microgrid Control Architecture; 2.4.1 Hierarchical Control Levels; 2.4.2 Microgrid Operators; 2.5 Centralized and Decentralized Control; 2.6 Forecasting; 2.6.1 Introduction; 2.6.2 Demand Forecasting; 2.6.3 Wind and PV Production Forecasting; 2.6.4 Heat Demand Forecasting.

2.6.5 Electricity Prices Forecasting; 2.6.6 Evaluation of Uncertainties on Predictions; 2.7 Centralized Control; 2.7.1 Economic Operation; 2.7.2 Participation in Energy Markets; 2.7.3 Mathematical Formulation; 2.7.4 Solution Methodology; 2.7.5 Study Case; 2.7.6 Results; 2.8 Decentralized Control; 2.8.1 Multi-Agent System Theory; 2.8.2 Agent Communication and Development; 2.8.3 Agent Communication Language; 2.8.4 Agent Ontology and Data Modeling; 2.8.5 Coordination Algorithms for Microgrid Control; 2.8.6 Game Theory and Market Based Algorithms; 2.8.7 Scalability and Advanced Architecture.

2.9 State Estimation; 2.9.1 Introduction; 2.9.2 Microgrid State Estimation; 2.9.3 Fuzzy State Estimation; 2.10 Conclusions; Appendix 2.A: Study Case Microgrid; References; 3 Intelligent Local Controllers; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Inverter Control Issues in the Formation of Microgrids; 3.2.1 Active Power Control; 3.2.2 Voltage Regulation; 3.3 Control Strategies for Multiple Inverters; 3.3.1 Master Slave Control Scheme; 3.3.2 Multi-Master Control Scheme; 3.3.3 Droop Control Implementation in the VSI; 3.3.4 Ancillary Services; 3.3.5 Optional Secondary Control Loops.

3.4 Implications of Line Parameters on Frequency and Voltage Droop Concepts; 3.4.1 Power Transmission in the LV Grid; 3.4.2 Comparison of Droop Concepts at the LV Level; 3.4.3 Indirect Operation of Droops; 3.5 Development and Evaluation of Innovative Local Controls to Improve Stability; 3.5.1 Control Algorithm; 3.5.2 Stability in Islanded Mode; 3.5.3 Stability in Interconnected Operation; 3.6 Conclusions; References; 4 Microgrid Protection; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Challenges for Microgrid Protection; 4.2.1 Distribution System Protection; 4.2.2 Over-Current Distribution Feeder Protection.

Microgrids are the most innovative area in the electric power industry today. Future microgrids could exist as energy-balanced cells within existing power distribution grids or stand-alone power networks within small communities. A definitive presentation on all aspects of microgrids, this text examines the operation of microgrids - their control concepts and advanced architectures including multi-microgrids. It takes a logical approach to overview the purpose and the technical aspects of microgrids, discussing the social, economic and environmental benefits to power system operation.

Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher.