Includes bibliographical references and index.

Legumes under Environmental Stress: Yield, Improvement and Adaptations; Copyright; Contents; List of contributors; Preface; About the editors; Chapter 1 Legumes and breeding under abiotic stress: An overview; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Legumes under abiotic stress; 1.2.1 Legumes under drought; 1.2.2 Legumes under salinity; 1.2.3 Legumes under waterlogging; 1.2.4 Legumes under temperature extremes; 1.2.5 Legumes under soil acidity; 1.2.6 Legumes under nutrient deficiency; 1.3 Breeding of cool season food legumes; 1.4 Breeding of cool season food legumes under abiotic stress.

1.5 Breeding of warm season food legumes1.6 Breeding of warm season food legumes under abiotic stress; 1.6.1 Short duration and photo-thermal insensitivity; 1.6.2 Leaf pubescence density; 1.6.3 Seed dormancy; 1.6.4 Deep root system; 1.7 Biotechnology approaches; 1.7.1 MicroRNAs; 1.7.2 Molecular marker-assisted breeding; 1.7.3 Gene pyramiding assisted by MAS; 1.7.4 Somaclonal variation and in vitro mutagenesis; 1.7.5 In vitro selection; 1.7.6 Transcriptomics; 1.7.7 Proteomics; 1.7.8 Transgenomics; 1.7.9 Targeting induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING); 1.8 Conclusions and future prospects.

3.2 Environmental stresses and crop growth3.2.1 Drought and salt stresses; 3.2.2 Heavy metal stress; 3.2.3 Heat and cold stresses; 3.2.4 Oxidative stress; 3.3 Effects of nutrient deficiency; 3.4 Methods to control nutrient deficiency; 3.5 Micronutrient deficiency in plants; 3.5.1 Boron; 3.5.2 Molybdenum; 3.5.3 Cobalt; 3.5.4 Copper; 3.5.5 Zinc; 3.5.6 Iron; 3.5.7 Manganese; 3.5.8 Nickel; 3.6 Roles of macronutrients in growth of legumes; 3.6.1 Role of carbon; 3.6.2 Role of nitrogen; 3.6.3 Role of phosphorus; 3.6.4 Role of sulphur; 3.6.5 Role of potassium.

3.7 Storage proteins in legumes and effect of nutritional deficiency3.8 Protective mechanisms triggered in legumes under stress; 3.8.1 Drought and salinity stress; 3.8.2 Cold stress; 3.9 Conclusion; References; Chapter 4 Chickpea: Role and responses under abiotic and biotic stress; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Origin and occurrence; 4.3 General botany; 4.4 Nutritional uses; 4.5 Abiotic stress; 4.6 Chickpea and abiotic stress: The 'omics' approach; 4.6.1 Proteomics; 4.6.2 Transcriptomics; 4.6.3 Genomics; 4.6.4 Transgenomics; 4.7 Biotic stress; 4.7.1 Chickpea and diseases.

The improvement of crop species has long been a goal since cultivation began thousands of years ago. To feed an ever increasing world population will require a great increase in food production. Wheat, corn, rice, potato and legumes are expected to lead as the most important crops in the world. Due to environmental fluctuations legumes are often exposed to different environmental stresses, leading to decreased yield and problems with growth and development of the legumes. The present work will cover the physiobiochemical, molecular and omic approaches and responses of legumes towards environm.

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