Includes bibliographical references.

Print version record.

Front Cover -- THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF Mass Spectrometry -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface to Volume 9 -- Part A: The Development of Mass Spectrometry -- Part B: Notable People in Mass Spectrometry -- Acknowledgements -- The Distinctive Character of this Volume -- References -- The Place of This Volume in Studies of Science -- References -- A General Chronicle of Mass Spectrometry and Guide to the Scope of the Volume -- 1 Before 1945 -- 2 1945-60 -- 3 1960-75 -- 4 1975-90 -- 5 Into the Twenty-first Century -- 6 Further Topics -- References -- Magnetic and Electrostatic Analyzers before 1960 -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Positive and Negative Rays and the First m/z Analyzers -- 3 Early Work in America: Dempster's Magnetic 180deg Analyzer -- 4 Later Work at Cambridge: Aston's Mass Spectrograph Analyzer -- 5 Development of Electron Ionization (EI) -- 6 Improvements in Resolving Power: Double-Focusing Analyzers and More -- 7 Developments in Japan -- 8 Developments in Europe -- 9 Later Work in America -- 10 Commercialization of the Mass Spectrometer -- References -- Ion Kinetic Energy Spectra (IKES) and Mass Analyzed Ion Kinetic Energy Spectra (MIKES) -- References -- The Development of Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Time-Of-Flight Concept -- 3 Early Instruments -- 4 Early Applications -- 5 Refinements -- 6 Breakthroughs in Ion Production -- 7 Renaissance for Time-of-Flight -- 8 Further Enhancements -- 8.1 Organic SIMS -- 8.2 MALDI -- 9 Present Status -- References -- The Development of the Quadrupole Mass Filter and Quadrupole Ion Trap -- 1Introduction and Early History -- 2Mass Analysis -- 2.1Quadrupole Mass Filter -- 2.1.1DC/RF scanning -- 2.1.2Fringing fields -- 2.1.3RF-Only scanning methods -- 2.1.4Use of resonance excitation -- 2.1.5Image current detection with Fourier transformation.

2.2Three-Dimensional Quadrupole Ion Trap, QIT -- 2.2.1Mass-selective detection -- 2.2.2Mass-selective storage -- 2.2.3Mass-selective ejection -- 3Early Utilization of the QMF -- 3.1Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry -- 3.2Rectangular Wave Excitation -- 3.3Concurrent Storage of Positive and Negative Ions -- 3.4Tandem Mass Spectrometry Involving QMFS -- 3.5Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry -- 3.6Frequency Scanning -- 3.7Selected Ion Flow Tube -- 4Ion Traps -- 4.1Commercial Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer -- 4.2Mass Analysis by Mass-Selective Axial Instability -- 4.3Mode of Operation -- 4.4A Remarkable Achievement -- 4.5Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer, ITMStrade -- 4.6Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry -- 4.7Cylindrical Ion Trap -- References -- A History of Ion Cyclotron Resonance (ICR) and Fourier Transform (FTICR) Mass Spectrometry -- 1Concept and Early Development of Ion Cyclotron Resonance Spectrometry -- 2Beginning of the Modern Era of Ion Cyclotron Resonance Spectrometry -- 3Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Spectrometry -- 4Future Developments -- 5Acknowledgements -- References -- A Perspective on the Development of Tandem Mass Spectrometry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Fundamental Studies of Ion-Neutral Interactions -- 3 Metastable Ions and High-Energy Collision Spectroscopy -- 4 Photo-Fragmentation of Gaseous Ions -- 5 A Computer-Controlled Analytical Instrument -- 6 Coming of Age -- Acknowledgement -- References -- The Development of Electron Ionization -- References -- The Development of Thermal, Spark Source, and Glow Discharge Ionization -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Thermal Ionization -- 3 Spark Source Ionization (SSMS) -- 4 Glow Discharge Ionization -- 5 Summary -- References -- The Development of Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The First Instruments -- 3 Commercialization.

4 Improvements -- 5 Cell Innovation -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- A Historical Perspective on Field Ionization (FI) and Field Desorption (FD) Mass Spectrometry -- 1Introduction -- 2Positive Ion FIMS -- 3Positive Ion FDMS -- 4Negative Ion FIMS -- 5Negative Ion FDMS -- 6Advantages and Limitations of FDMS -- 7Present Status of FIMS and FDMS -- References -- The Early History of Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) -- References -- The Development of Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) for Imaging -- 1Introduction -- 2Early Days -- 3The Liquid Metal Ion Gun (LMIG) Changed (almost) Everything -- 4The TOF Revolution and Molecular Imaging -- 5Cluster Beams and 3-D Molecular Imaging -- 6Final Thoughts -- Acknowledgement -- References -- A Perspective on the History of 252Cf-Plasma Desorption Mass Spectrometry -- 1 Where Did 252Cf-Plasma Desorption Mass Spectrometry Come From? -- 2 252Cf-Plasma Desorption Mass Spectrometry of Biomolecules -- 3 The Transition from Nuclear Chemistry to the Mass Spectrometry of Biomolecules -- 4 Entry of 252Cf-PDMS into the World of Mass Spectrometry -- 5 A Continuing Link with the Field of Nuclear Physics and Understanding the Fundamentals -- 6 252Cf-PDMS Applications in the Decades after 1976 -- References -- A Perspective on the History of Chemical Ionization (CI) in Mass Spectrometry -- References -- Static and Continuous-Flow Fast Atom Bombardment -- References -- The Development of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI) Mass Spectrometry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Instrumentation -- 2.1 Mass Analyzers -- 2.2 Laser -- 3 Matrix -- 3.1 Solid -- 3.2 Liquid -- 3.3 Ionic Liquid -- 3.4 Particle/Metal -- 4 Future Developments in MALDI-MS -- References -- The Background to Electrospray -- Acknowledgements -- References.

A Perspective on the Development of Electrospray Ionization (ESI) for Mass Spectrometry -- References -- Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry (MIMS) in Historical Perspective -- References -- The Development of the Solids Probe for EI-MS -- References -- A History of Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) -- 1 Molecular Effusion -- 2 Molecular Jet -- 3 Permselective Membrane -- 4 Non-Enrichment Interfaces -- 5 Summary -- References -- A General Perspective on the Development of Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS) -- 1Introduction -- 2The Beginnings of LC/MS -- 2.1Direct Liquid Introduction -- 2.2Homemade LC/MS Systems -- 2.3Particle Beam -- 2.4Continuous Flow Fast Atom Bombardment -- 3Atmospheric Pressure Ionization for LC/MS -- 3.1Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI) -- 3.2Electrospray Ionization -- 4Back to Less Polar Compounds and Molecular Ions -- 5LC/MALDI -- 6Conclusion -- References -- The Development of the Moving Belt Interface for LC/MS -- References -- The Development and Demise of Thermospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry -- References -- A History of Ion Current Detectors for Mass Spectrometry -- 1 Scintillating Screens, Daly Detector, Ion to photon Conversion Detectors -- 2 Photoplate Detector -- 3 Faraday Cup -- 4 Secondary Electron Multipliers -- 5 Detection of Macroions -- 6 Cryogenic Detectors -- 7 Image-Charge (Image-Current) Detection -- References -- Reflections on the History of Computers in Mass Spectrometry -- 1Introduction -- 1.1Computer and MS Technology in the Mid 1960s -- 1.2Market, Economic and Technology Driving Forces for Computerization of MS -- 1.3High Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Computers -- 1.4Direct Coupling of Computer with a Low-Resolution Mass Spectrometer -- 1.5Early Commercial Mass Spectrometer/Data Systems -- 1.6The Age of the All 'Digital' GC/MS/DS System.

1.7Computers and MS Library Search Algorithms -- 1.8Computers and Mass Spectrometers in the 1980s and Beyond -- 2Acknowledgements -- References -- The Development of Computer Data Systems in Quadrupole Mass Spectrometers -- References -- A History of the Development of Mass Spectral Databases -- 1Introduction -- 1.1Early Collections of Spectra -- 2Advent of Computers: Databases and Early Search and Retrieval Programs -- 3Consolidation -- 3.1Origin of the NIH and NIST-EPA-NIH Collections -- 3.2Origin of the Wiley Collection -- 4Evaluations and Rivalries -- 5Specialty Databases -- 6Legacy -- 7Conclusions -- References -- A History of Mass Spectrometry in Nuclear Science -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Binding Energy Curve -- 3 Mass Spectrographs -- 4 Atomic Masses -- 5 Nuclear Fission -- 6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Mass Spectrometry and the Separation and Enrichment of Isotopes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Discovery of Isotopes -- 3 Production of Isotopes for Research and Commerce -- 4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- The Development of Mass Spectrometry in the Earth and Planetary Sciences -- 1 From the Beginning to World War II -- 2 From World War II to 1960 -- 3 From 1960 to 1980 -- 4 Since 1980 -- References -- Mass Spectrometric Methods for the Determination of Thermodynamic Data -- 1Introduction -- 2Ionization Energies -- 3Appearance and Dissociation Energies -- 3.1Photodissociation -- 3.2Collision-induced Dissociation -- 3.3Dissociation Induced by Electrons -- 4Ion Affinities and Solvation Energies -- 5Electron Affinities -- 6Neutrals -- 7The Electron -- 8Conclusion -- References -- The Beginnings of Organic Mass Spectrometry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Mass Spectrometry in the US Petroleum Industry -- 2.1 Analysis of Petroleum Fractions -- 2.2 The CEC 21-101 Mass Spectrometer.

Volume 9: Historical Perspectives, Part A: The Development of Mass Spectrometry of The Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry describes and analyzes the development of many aspects of Mass Spectrometry. Beginning with the earliest types of Mass Analyzers, Historical Perspectives explores the development of many different forms of analytical processes and methods. The work follows various instruments and interfaces, to the current state of detectors and computerization. It traces the use of Mass Spectrometry across many different disciplines, including Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Proteomics; Environmental Mass Spectrometry; Forensic Science; Imaging; Medical Monitoring and Diagnosis; Earth and Planetary Sciences; and Nuclear Science. Finally, the book covers the history of manufacturers and societies as well as the professionals who form the Mass Spectrometry community. Also available: Volume 9: Historical Perspectives, Part B: Notable People in Mass Spectrometry briefly reviews the lives and works of many of the major people who carried out this development. Preserves the history and development of Mass Spectrometry for use across scientific fields Written and edited by Mass Spectrometry experts Coordinates with Volume 9: Historical Perspectives, Part B: Notable People in Mass Spectrometry, a collection of short biographies on many of the major people who carried out this development.