Includes index.

Online resource; title from PDF title page (ScienceDirect, viewed June 21, 2016).

Front Cover; The Molecular Nutrition of Amino Acids and Proteins; Copyright Page; Contents; List of Contributors; Preface; I. General and Introductory Aspects; 1 Bioactive Peptides Derived From Food Proteins; 1.1 Physiological Effects of Food-Derived Peptides; 1.2 In Vivo Evidence of Food-Derived Peptide Effects; 1.3 Bioactive Peptides Released During Digestion; 1.4 Peptide Bioavailability; 1.5 Conclusion; References; 2 Protein Intake Throughout Life and Current Dietary Recommendations; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Current Estimates for Protein and Amino Acid Requirements Throughout Life

2.3 Theoretical and Practical Limitations and Uncertainties2.4 Evidence for Defining Requirements Based on Meals Rather Than an Average Daily Intake in Older People; 2.5 Toward Other Criteria to Define Requirements, Using Health-Related Parameters?; 2.6 Current Dietary Intake of Protein and Amino Acids; 2.7 Conclusion and Perspectives; References; 3 Cellular Mechanisms of Protein Degradation Among Tissues; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Proteolytic Systems; 3.2.1 Ca2+-Dependent Proteolysis; 3.2.2 Caspases; 3.2.3 The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System; 3.2.3.1 Ubiquitination; 3.2.3.2 Proteasome Degradation

3.2.4 Autophagy3.2.5 Metalloproteinases; 3.3 Skeletal Muscle Proteolysis; 3.3.1 UPS: The Main Player for Myofibrillar Protein Degradation; 3.3.1.1 Role of the E1 Enzyme; 3.3.1.2 Role of E2 Enzymes; 3.3.1.3 Role of E3 Enzymes; 3.3.1.4 Role of the Proteasome; 3.3.2 Autophagy-Lysosome System in Skeletal Muscle; 3.3.2.1 Role of Cathepsins; 3.3.2.2 Autophagy: A Crucial Pathway for Muscle Mass Maintenance; 3.3.3 Functional Cooperation of Proteolytic Systems for Myofibrillar Protein Degradation; 3.4 Proteolysis in Viscera; 3.4.1 Liver and Autophagy: For Regulation of Energy Metabolism

3.4.2 A Major Role of Autophagy in Small Intestine3.4.2.1 For Amino Acids Supply to Peripheral Tissues; 3.4.2.2 For Regulation of the Epithelial Barrier; 3.5 Concluding Remarks; Acknowledgments; References; 4 Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Protein Synthesis Among Tissues; 4.1 Introduction; 4.1.1 Molecular Basics of Protein Synthesis; 4.1.2 Introduction of the Intracellular Regulation of Protein Synthesis; 4.1.3 Endogenous and Exogenous Regulators of Protein Synthesis; 4.2 Cellular and Molecular Regulation of Hypertrophy; 4.3 Myogenesis: The Development and Regeneration of Muscle

4.4 Applied Implications of Protein Synthesis In Vivo4.5 Conclusions and Summary of Key Points; Disclosures; References; 5 Role of Amino Acid Transporters in Protein Metabolism; 5.1 Amino Acid Transporters: Structure and Molecular Function; 5.2 AA Transporters and Cellular Function; 5.2.1 Cellular Nutrient Supply; 5.2.2 Nutrient Sensing; 5.2.2.1 AA Transporters as AA Sensors; 5.2.2.2 AA Transporters Upstream of Intracellular AA Sensors; 5.2.3 Cell-Cell Communication; 5.3 AA Transporters in Whole-Body Nutrition; 5.3.1 Absorption of AA and Peptides; 5.3.2 Interorgan Nitrogen Flow