Part 1. Storage Requirements Characteristics Of Secondary Batteries Examples Of Use; Chapter 1. Breakdown of Storage Requirements; 1.1. Introduction; 1.2. Domains of application for energy storage; 1.2.1. Starter batteries; 1.2.2. Traction batteries; 1.2.3. Stationary batteries; 1.2.4. Batteries for mobile or nomadic devices; 1.3. Review of storage requirements and appropriate technologies; 1.4. Conclusion.

Chapter 2. Definitions and Measuring Methods; 2.1. Introduction; 2.2. Terminology; 2.2.1. Accumulator.; 2.2.2. Element, elementary cell, electrolyte; 2.2.3. Electrode, half-element, half-cell; 2.2.4. Oxidation, reduction, anode, cathode; 2.2.5. Active material; 2.2.6. Voltage; 2.2.7. Battery of accumulators, modules, packs, BMS; 2.3. Definitions of the characteristics; 2.3.1. Nominal voltage; 2.3.2. Voltage under current; 2.3.3. Capacities; 2.4. States of the battery; 2.4.1. Depth of discharge; 2.4.2. State of charge; 2.4.3. State of energy; 2.4.4. State of health; 2.4.5. State of function; 2.4.6. Theoretical gravimetric capacity; 2.4.7. Practical gravimetric capacity; 2.4.8. Volumetric capacity; 2.4.9. Specific capacity; 2.4.10. Direct-current internal resistance and short-circuit current; 2.4.11. AC internal resistance; 2.4.12. Impedance, impedancemetry, impedance spectroscopy; 2.4.13. Stored energy and deliverable energy; 2.4.14. Gravimetric energy density; 2.4.15. Volumetric energy density; 2.4.16. Specific energy; 2.4.17. Gravimetric power and volumetric power; 2.5. Faradaic efficiency; 2.6. Self-discharge; 2.7. Acceptance current; 2.8. Conclusion; 2.9. Appendix 1: Nernst's law; 2.9.1. Redox potential of an electrode; 2.9.2. Electromotive force of an electrochemical cell; 2.9.3. Nernst's law; 2.9.4. Activity of the species; 2.9.5. Example of the application of Nernst's law to a lithium secondary battery using the insertion mechanism; 2.10. Appendix 2: Double layer; 2.11. Appendix 3: Warburg impedance; 2.12. Solutions to the exercises in Chapter 2.

Chapter 3. Practical Examples Using Electrochemical Storage; 3.1. Introduction; 3.1.1. Starter currents for internal combustion engines in cars; 3.1.2. Power required by a telecommunications transceiver in an isolated site; 3.1.3. House in an isolated site; 3.1.4. Currents in an operational electric car battery.; 3.1.5. Currents during the phase of recharging of batteries in electric cars; 3.1.6. Autonomous urban lighting; 3.2. Conclusion; 3.3. Solution to the exercises in Chapter 3; Part 2. Lithium Batteries.

Chapter 4. Introduction to Lithium Batteries; 4.1. History of lithium batteries; 4.2. Categories of lithium batteries; 4.3. The different operational mechanisms for lithium batteries; 4.3.1. Intercalation (or insertion) materials; 4.3.2. Alloys; 4.3.3. Direction conversion materials; 4.3.4. Differences of voltage profiles between intercalation materials, alloys and conversion materials; 4.3.5. Properties of the electrode materials.

Lithium batteries were introduced relatively recently in comparison to lead- or nickel-based batteries, which have been around for over 100 years. Nevertheless, in the space of 20 years, they have acquired a considerable market share - particularly for the supply of mobile devices. We are still a long way from exhausting the possibilities that they offer. Numerous projects will undoubtedly further improve their performances in the years to come. For large-scale storage systems, other types of batteries are also worthy of consideration: hot batteries and redox flow systems, for example.

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