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019 _a911247236
_a912406001
020 _a9780124199569
_q(electronic bk.)
020 _a0124199569
_q(electronic bk.)
020 _a0124186890
020 _a9780124186897
020 _z9780124186897
035 _a(OCoLC)911179264
_z(OCoLC)911247236
_z(OCoLC)912406001
050 4 _aR852
060 0 0 _a2015 J-145
060 1 0 _aW 20.5
072 7 _aMED
_x106000
_2bisacsh
082 0 4 _a610.72
_223
100 1 _aMaiv�ali, �Ulo,
_eauthor.
245 1 0 _aInterpreting biomedical science : experiment, evidence, and belief /
_h[electronic resource]
_c�Ulo Maiv�ali.
264 1 _aLondon :
_bAcademic Press is an imprint of Elsevier,
_c2015
300 _a1 online resource
336 _atext
_btxt
_2rdacontent
337 _acomputer
_bc
_2rdamedia
338 _aonline resource
_bcr
_2rdacarrier
588 0 _aOnline resource; title from PDF title page (Ebsco, viewed June 19, 2015).
504 _aIncludes bibliographical references and index.
520 _aInterpreting Biomedical Science: Experiment, Evidence, and Belief discusses what can go wrong in biological science, providing an unbiased view and cohesive understanding of scientific methods, statistics, data interpretation, and scientific ethics that are illustrated with practical examples and real-life applications. Casting a wide net, the reader is exposed to scientific problems and solutions through informed perspectives from history, philosophy, sociology, and the social psychology of science. The book shows the differences and similarities between disciplines and different eras and illustrates the concept that while sound methodology is necessary for the progress of science, we cannot succeed without a right culture of doing things.
505 0 _aFront Cover; Interpreting Biomedical Science: Experiment, Evidence, and Belief; Copyright Page; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; Introduction; Science Made Easy; Did the Greeks Get their Math Right but their Science Wrong?; The Scientific Revolution; Deduction and Induction as Two Approaches to Scientific Inference; References; I. What Is at Stake: The Skeptical Argument; 1 Do We Need a Science of Science?; 1.1 Are We Living in the Golden Age of Science?; 1.2 R & D and the Cost of Medicine; 1.3 The Efficiency of Drug Discovery; 1.4 Factors that Endanger the Quality of Medical Evidence.
505 8 _a1.5 The Stability of Evidence-Based Medical Practices1.6 Reproducibility of Basic Biomedical Science; 1.6.1 Genome-Wide Association Studies; 1.6.2 Microarray Studies; 1.6.3 Proteomics; 1.6.4 Small Science; 1.7 Is Reproducibility a Good Criterion of Quality of Research?; 1.8 Is Biomedical Science Self-Correcting?; 1.9 Do We Need a Science of Science?; References; 2 The Basis of Knowledge: Causality and Truth; 2.1 Scientific Realism and Truth; 2.2 Hume's Gambit; 2.3 Kant's Solution; 2.4 Why Induction Is Poor Deduction; 2.5 Popper's Solution; 2.6 Why Deduction Is Poor Induction.
505 8 _a2.7 Does Lung Cancer Cause Smoking?2.8 Correlation, Concordance, and Regression; 2.8.1 Correlation; 2.8.2 Concordance; 2.8.3 Regression; 2.9 From Correlation to Causation; 2.10 From Experiment to Causation; 2.11 Is Causality a Scientific Concept?; References; II. The Method; 3 Study Design; 3.1 Why Do Experiments?; 3.2 Population and Sample; 3.3 Regression to the Mean; 3.4 Why Repeat an Experiment?; 3.5 Technical Versus Biological Replication of Experiments; 3.6 Experimental Controls; 3.6.1 Example 1. Negative Controls; 3.6.2 Example 2. Normalization Controls.
505 8 _a3.6.3 Example 3. Controlling the Controls3.7 Multiplicities; 3.8 Conclusion: How to Design an Experiment; References; 4 Data and Evidence; 4.1 Looking at Data; 4.2 Modeling Data; 4.3 What Is Probability?; 4.3.1 Bayesian Probability; 4.3.2 Frequentist Probability; 4.3.3 Propensity Theory of Probability; 4.4 Assumptions Behind Frequentist Statistical Tests; 4.5 The Null Hypothesis; 4.6 The P value; 4.6.1 What the P Value Is Not; 4.7 Neyman-Pearson Hypothesis Testing; 4.8 Multiple Testing in the Context of NPHT; 4.9 P Value as a Measure of Evidence; 4.10 The "Error Bars."
505 8 _a4.11 Likelihood as an Unbiased Measure of Evidence4.12 Conclusion: Ideologies Behind Some Methods of Statistical Inference; References; 5 Truth and Belief; 5.1 From Long-Run Error Probabilities to Degrees of Belief; 5.2 Bayes Theorem: What Makes a Rational Being?; 5.3 Testing in the Infinite Hypothesis Space: Bayesian Parameter Estimation; 5.4 All Against All: Bayesianism Versus Frequentism Versus Likelihoodism; 5.5 Bayesianism as a Philosophy; 5.6 Bayesianism and the Progress of Science; 5.7 Conclusion to Part II; References; III. The Big Picture; 6 Interpretation.
650 0 _aMedicine
_xResearch
_xMethodology.
650 0 _aMedical sciences
_xResearch.
650 7 _aMEDICAL
_xResearch.
_2bisacsh
650 7 _aMedical sciences
_xResearch.
_2fast
_0(OCoLC)fst01014611
650 7 _aMedicine
_xResearch
_xMethodology.
_2fast
_0(OCoLC)fst01015079
650 1 2 _aBiomedical Research.
650 2 2 _aResearch Design.
650 2 2 _aPhilosophy.
655 4 _aElectronic books.
655 7 _aElectronic books.
_2lcgft
776 0 8 _iPrint version:
_aMaiv�ali, �Ulo.
_tInterpreting Biomedical Science : Experiment, Evidence, and Belief.
_dBurlington : Elsevier Science, �2015
_z9780124186897
856 4 0 _3ScienceDirect
_uhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780124186897
856 4 0 _3ScienceDirect
_uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780124186897
999 _c247104
_d247104