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Lab-on-a-chip : techniques, circuits, and biomedical applications /

by Ghallab, Yehya H; Badawy, Wael.
Material type: materialTypeLabelBookSeries: Artech House integrated microsystems series: Publisher: Norwood, MA : Artech House, c2010Description: xv, 220 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.ISBN: 1596934182; 9781596934184.Subject(s): Microelectromechanical systems | Chemical laboratories -- Electronic equipment | Biomedical engineering
Contents:
Introduction to Lab-on-a-Chip -- History -- Parts and Components of Lab-on-a-Chip -- Electric and Magnetic Actuators -- Electrical Sensors -- Thermal Sensors -- Optical Sensors -- Microfluidic Chambers -- Applications of Lab-on-a-Chip -- Advantages and Disadvantages of Lab-on-a-Chip -- References -- Cell Structure, Properties, and Models -- Cell Structure -- Prokaryotic Cells -- Eukaryotic Cells -- Cell Components -- Electromechanics of Particles -- Single-Layer Model -- Double-Layer Model -- Electrogenic Cells -- Neurons -- Gated Ion Channels -- Action Potential -- References -- Cell Manipulator Fields -- Electric Field -- Uniform Electric Field (Electrophoresis) -- Nonuniform Electric Field (Dielectrophoresis) -- Magnetic Field -- Nonuniform Magnetic Field (Magnetophoresis) -- Magnetophoresis Force (MAP Force) -- References -- Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) Technology Fundamentals -- Semiconductor Properties -- Intrinsic Semiconductors -- Extrinsic Semiconductor -- N-Type Doping -- P-Type Doping -- MOS Device Physics -- MOS Characteristics -- Modes of Operation -- Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) Device -- Advantages of CMOS Technology -- References -- Sensing Techniques for Lab-on-a-Chip -- Optical Technique -- Fluorescent Labeling Technique -- Impedance Sensing Technique -- Magnetic Field Sensing Technique -- CMOS AC Electrokinetic Microparticle Analysis System -- Bioanalysis Platform -- Experimental Tests -- References -- CMOS-Based Lab-on-a-Chip -- PCB Lab-on-a-Chip for Micro-Organism Detection and Characterization -- Actuation -- Impedance Sensing -- CMOS Lab-on-a-Chip for Micro-Organism Detection and Manipulation -- CMOS Lab-on-a-Chip for Neuronal Activity Detection -- CMOS Lab-on-a-Chip for Cytometry Applications -- Flip-Chip Integration -- References -- CMOS Electric-Field-Based Lab-on-a-Chip for Cell Characterization and Detection -- Design Flow -- Actuation -- Electrostatic Simulation -- Sensing -- The Electric Field Sensitive Field Effect Transistor (eFET) -- The Differential Electric Field Sensitive Field Effect Transistor (DeFET) -- DeFET Theory of Operation -- Modeling the DeFET -- A Simple DC Model -- SPICE DC Equivalent Circuit -- AC Equivalent Circuit -- The Effect of the DeFET on the Applied Electric Field Profile -- References -- Prototyping and Experimental Analysis -- Testing the DeFET -- The DC Response -- The AC (Frequency) Response -- Other Features of the DeFET -- Noise Analysis -- Noise Sources -- Noise Measurements -- The Effect of Temperature and Light on DeFET Performance -- Testing the Electric Field Imager -- The Response of the Imager Under Different Environments -- Testing the Imager with Biocells -- Packaging the Lab-on-a-Chip -- References -- Readout Circuits for Lab-on-a-Chip -- Current-Mode Circuits -- Operational Floating Current Conveyor (OFCC) -- A Simple Model -- OFCC with Feedback -- Current-Mode Instrumentation Amplifier -- Current-Mode Instrumentation Amplifier (CMIA) Based on CCII -- Current-Mode Instrumentation Amplifier Based on OFCC -- Experimental and Simulation Results of the Proposed CMIA -- The Differential Gain Measurements -- Common-Mode Rejection Ratio Measurements -- Other Features of the Proposed CMIA -- Noise Results -- Comparison Between Different CMIAs -- Testing the Readout Circuit with the Electric Field Based Lab-on-a-Chip -- References -- Current-Mode Wheatstone Bridge for Lab-on-a-Chip Applications -- Introduction -- CMWB Based on Operational Floating Current Conveyor -- A Linearization Technique Based on an Operational Floating Current Conveyor -- Experimental and Simulation Results -- The Differential Measurements -- Common-Mode Measurements -- Discussion -- References -- Current-Mode Readout Circuits for the pH Sensor -- Introduction -- Differential ISFET-Based pH Sensor -- ISFET-Based pH Sensor -- Differential ISFET Sensor -- pH Readout Circuit Based on an Operational Floating Current Conveyor -- Simulation Results -- pH Readout Circuit Using Only Two Operational Floating Current Conveyors -- Simulation Results -- References.
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Includes bibliographic references and index.

1. Introduction to Lab-on-a-Chip -- 1.1. History -- 1.2. Parts and Components of Lab-on-a-Chip -- 1.2.1. Electric and Magnetic Actuators -- 1.2.2. Electrical Sensors -- 1.2.3. Thermal Sensors -- 1.2.4. Optical Sensors -- 1.2.5. Microfluidic Chambers -- 1.3. Applications of Lab-on-a-Chip -- 1.4. Advantages and Disadvantages of Lab-on-a-Chip -- References -- 2. Cell Structure, Properties, and Models -- 2.1. Cell Structure -- 2.1.1. Prokaryotic Cells -- 2.1.2. Eukaryotic Cells -- 2.1.3. Cell Components -- 2.2. Electromechanics of Particles -- 2.2.1. Single-Layer Model -- 2.2.2. Double-Layer Model -- 2.3. Electrogenic Cells -- 2.3.1. Neurons -- 2.3.2. Gated Ion Channels -- 2.3.3. Action Potential -- References -- 3. Cell Manipulator Fields -- 3.1. Electric Field -- 3.1.1. Uniform Electric Field (Electrophoresis) -- 3.1.2. Nonuniform Electric Field (Dielectrophoresis) -- 3.2. Magnetic Field -- 3.2.1. Nonuniform Magnetic Field (Magnetophoresis) -- 3.2.2. Magnetophoresis Force (MAP Force) -- References -- 4. Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) Technology Fundamentals -- 4.1. Semiconductor Properties -- 4.2. Intrinsic Semiconductors -- 4.3. Extrinsic Semiconductor -- 4.3.1. N-Type Doping -- 4.3.2. P-Type Doping -- 4.4. MOS Device Physics -- 4.5. MOS Characteristics -- 4.5.1. Modes of Operation -- 4.6. Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) Device -- 4.6.1. Advantages of CMOS Technology -- References -- 5. Sensing Techniques for Lab-on-a-Chip -- 5.1. Optical Technique -- 5.2. Fluorescent Labeling Technique -- 5.3. Impedance Sensing Technique -- 5.4. Magnetic Field Sensing Technique -- 5.5. CMOS AC Electrokinetic Microparticle Analysis System -- 5.5.1. Bioanalysis Platform -- 5.5.2. Experimental Tests -- References -- 6. CMOS-Based Lab-on-a-Chip -- 6.1. PCB Lab-on-a-Chip for Micro-Organism Detection and Characterization -- 6.2. Actuation -- 6.3. Impedance Sensing -- 6.4. CMOS Lab-on-a-Chip for Micro-Organism Detection and Manipulation -- 6.5. CMOS Lab-on-a-Chip for Neuronal Activity Detection -- 6.6. CMOS Lab-on-a-Chip for Cytometry Applications -- 6.7. Flip-Chip Integration -- References -- 7. CMOS Electric-Field-Based Lab-on-a-Chip for Cell Characterization and Detection -- 7.1. Design Flow -- 7.2. Actuation -- 7.3. Electrostatic Simulation -- 7.4. Sensing -- 7.5. The Electric Field Sensitive Field Effect Transistor (eFET) -- 7.6. The Differential Electric Field Sensitive Field Effect Transistor (DeFET) -- 7.7. DeFET Theory of Operation -- 7.8. Modeling the DeFET -- 7.8.1. A Simple DC Model -- 7.8.2. SPICE DC Equivalent Circuit -- 7.8.3. AC Equivalent Circuit -- 7.9. The Effect of the DeFET on the Applied Electric Field Profile -- References -- 8. Prototyping and Experimental Analysis -- 8.1. Testing the DeFET -- 8.1.1. The DC Response -- 8.1.2. The AC (Frequency) Response -- 8.1.3. Other Features of the DeFET -- 8.2. Noise Analysis -- 8.2.1. Noise Sources -- 8.2.2. Noise Measurements -- 8.3. The Effect of Temperature and Light on DeFET Performance -- 8.4. Testing the Electric Field Imager -- 8.4.1. The Response of the Imager Under Different Environments -- 8.4.2. Testing the Imager with Biocells -- 8.5. Packaging the Lab-on-a-Chip -- References -- 9. Readout Circuits for Lab-on-a-Chip -- 9.1. Current-Mode Circuits -- 9.2. Operational Floating Current Conveyor (OFCC) -- 9.2.1. A Simple Model -- 9.2.2. OFCC with Feedback -- 9.3. Current-Mode Instrumentation Amplifier -- 9.3.1. Current-Mode Instrumentation Amplifier (CMIA) Based on CCII -- 9.3.2. Current-Mode Instrumentation Amplifier Based on OFCC -- 9.4. Experimental and Simulation Results of the Proposed CMIA -- 9.4.1. The Differential Gain Measurements -- 9.4.2. Common-Mode Rejection Ratio Measurements -- 9.4.3. Other Features of the Proposed CMIA -- 9.4.4. Noise Results -- 9.5. Comparison Between Different CMIAs -- 9.6. Testing the Readout Circuit with the Electric Field Based Lab-on-a-Chip -- References -- 10. Current-Mode Wheatstone Bridge for Lab-on-a-Chip Applications -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. CMWB Based on Operational Floating Current Conveyor -- 10.3. A Linearization Technique Based on an Operational Floating Current Conveyor -- 10.4. Experimental and Simulation Results -- 10.4.1. The Differential Measurements -- 10.4.2. Common-Mode Measurements -- 10.5. Discussion -- References -- 11. Current-Mode Readout Circuits for the pH Sensor -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Differential ISFET-Based pH Sensor -- 11.2.1. ISFET-Based pH Sensor -- 11.2.2. Differential ISFET Sensor -- 11.3. pH Readout Circuit Based on an Operational Floating Current Conveyor -- 11.3.1. Simulation Results -- 11.4. pH Readout Circuit Using Only Two Operational Floating Current Conveyors -- 11.4.1. Simulation Results -- References.

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